{"id":174545,"date":"2024-11-01T15:59:24","date_gmt":"2024-11-01T08:59:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/amis.misa.vn\/?p=174545"},"modified":"2024-11-01T15:59:24","modified_gmt":"2024-11-01T08:59:24","slug":"nhu-cau-thi-truong-la-gi-cac-phuong-phap-du-bao-chinh-xac-nhat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/amis.misa.vn\/174545\/nhu-cau-thi-truong-la-gi-cac-phuong-phap-du-bao-chinh-xac-nhat\/","title":{"rendered":"Nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u1ea5t"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft tay v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c kinh doanh \u1edf b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0o th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean doanh nghi\u1ec7p lu\u00f4n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m\/ d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00f3. Nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh mong mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh doanh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ph\u1ea3i am hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nhu c\u1ea7u, y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u1ea5t.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

1. Nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/h2>\n

Nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng (Market Demand) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u, mong mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m hay d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. D\u1ef1a theo ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia, nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 3 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9: C\u1ea7n (Need), Mu\u1ed1n (Want) v\u00e0 Nhu c\u1ea7u (Demand).<\/span><\/p>\n

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\"Nhu<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

C\u1ea7n (Need)<\/strong>: L\u00e0 c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i do m\u1ed9t ai t\u1ea1o ra. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n v\u00e0 mong mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m\/ d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mong mu\u1ed1n (Want)<\/strong>: C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 C\u1ea7n. Mong mu\u1ed1n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e1 nhu c\u1ea7u t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m\/ d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd b\u1ecb c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 v\u0103n ho\u00e1, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng hay t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nhu c\u1ea7u (Demand)<\/strong>: L\u00e0 c\u00e1c mong mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m\/ d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chi tr\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1edf h\u1eefu n\u00f3. Nhu c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd b\u1ecb kinh t\u1ebf chi ph\u1ed1i.<\/span><\/p>\n

2. C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/b><\/h2>\n

Nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng trong kinh doanh v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nhau.\u00a0 Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y gi\u00fap doanh nghi\u1ec7p x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a doanh thu v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng:<\/span><\/p>\n

\"C\u00e1c<\/p>\n

2.1. Gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3<\/b><\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn nhu c\u1ea7u. Khi gi\u00e1 t\u0103ng, nhu c\u1ea7u th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3m (theo quy lu\u1eadt c\u1ea7u – cung) v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. Gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

2.2. Thu nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng<\/b><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong thu nh\u1eadp c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhu c\u1ea7u. Khi thu nh\u1eadp t\u0103ng, nhu c\u1ea7u cho c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cao c\u1ea5p th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u0103ng, trong khi nhu c\u1ea7u cho c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00edt b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/span><\/p>\n

2.3. Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 th\u00f3i quen ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng<\/b><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c xu h\u01b0\u1edbng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhu c\u1ea7u. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nhu c\u1ea7u cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh.<\/span><\/p>\n

2.4. Qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb<\/b><\/p>\n

Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y nhu c\u1ea7u. Nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/span><\/p>\n

2.5. Thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7<\/b><\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nhu c\u1ea7u cho c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u1edbi. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

2.6. T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh kinh t\u1ebf<\/b><\/p>\n

T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh kinh t\u1ebf chung (nh\u01b0 l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p, v\u00e0 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c mua c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn nhu c\u1ea7u.<\/span><\/p>\n

2.7. Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u00f9a v\u1ee5<\/b><\/p>\n

Nhu c\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i theo m\u00f9a. C\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nh\u01b0 qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o, \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng m\u00f9a nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/span><\/p>\n

2.8. C\u1ea1nh tranh tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/b><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn nhu c\u1ea7u. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng chuy\u1ec3n sang s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/p>\n

2.9. Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u00e2m l\u00fd<\/b><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u00e2m l\u00fd nh\u01b0 l\u00f2ng tin c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng, s\u1ef1 mong \u0111\u1ee3i v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn nhu c\u1ea7u. Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y t\u1ef1 tin v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng chi ti\u00eau nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

3. Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/b><\/h2>\n

Nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i sau:<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Ph\u00e2n<\/p>\n

3.1. Nhu c\u1ea7u hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i (Existing Demand)<\/b><\/p>\n

L\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m\/d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng, qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o.<\/span><\/p>\n

3.2. Nhu c\u1ea7u ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng (Latent Demand)<\/b><\/p>\n

L\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 do ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: C\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng minh cho ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i.<\/span><\/p>\n

3.3. Nhu c\u1ea7u t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng (Growing Demand)<\/b><\/p>\n

L\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng gia t\u0103ng do thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong xu h\u01b0\u1edbng, th\u1ecb hi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i nh\u01b0 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 t\u0103ng, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 xe \u0111i\u1ec7n trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh xu h\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1ed1ng xanh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/span><\/p>\n

3.4. Nhu c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n (Declining Demand)<\/b><\/p>\n

L\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n do s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 m\u00e1y fax khi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/span><\/p>\n

3.5. Nhu c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i (Changing Demand)<\/b><\/p>\n

L\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c do th\u1ecb hi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi trang theo t\u1eebng m\u00f9a, t\u1eebng n\u0103m.<\/span><\/p>\n

3.6. Nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng (Passive Demand)<\/b><\/p>\n

L\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 k\u00edch th\u00edch ho\u1eb7c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: S\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cao c\u1ea5p ch\u1ec9 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n khi c\u00f3 c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd.<\/span><\/p>\n

4. Quy tr\u00ecnh d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/b><\/h2>\n

Theo Harvard Business Review, quy tr\u00ecnh d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m 4 b\u01b0\u1edbc:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  • X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Chia t\u1ed5ng nhu c\u1ea7u th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh.<\/span><\/li>\n
  • D\u1ef1 b\u00e1o c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \"Quy<\/p>\n

    B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/b><\/h3>\n

    Ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u, \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed5ng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng cu\u1ed1i ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 thay th\u1ebf s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Khi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m thay th\u1ebf b\u1edfi nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng lu\u00f4n thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1edfi gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 hay t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Sau khi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed5ng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng. Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 quan t\u00e2m v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m hay d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng, thu nh\u1eadp chi tr\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1edf h\u1eefu s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00f3. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00e0ng cao th\u00ec l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e0ng \u00edt, quy m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng quan t\u00e2m v\u00e0 thu nh\u1eadp chi tr\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p, ch\u00fang ta c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o 3 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed, y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n

    – C\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng (quy m\u00f4, ph\u1ea1m vi\u2026)<\/span><\/p>\n

    – Quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn<\/span><\/p>\n

    – C\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tri\u1ec3n khai marketing<\/span><\/p>\n

    B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: Chia t\u1ed5ng nhu c\u1ea7u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh\u00a0<\/b><\/h3>\n

    Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t t\u1eebng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, <\/span>t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 xem x\u00e9t, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n kh\u00fac thay th\u1ebf.<\/span><\/p>\n

    B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: Ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/b><\/h3>\n

    Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec l\u00fac n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh, ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 nhu c\u1ea7u trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ebfn nhu c\u1ea7u trong t\u1eebng ph\u00e2n kh\u00fac v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong th\u1eddi gian t\u1edbi.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    B\u01b0\u1edbc 4: Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/b><\/h3>\n

    Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 r\u1ee7i ro \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o ban \u0111\u1ea7u. Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf v\u0129 m\u00f4 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f4i khi cho ra k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 g\u00e2y hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m. V\u00ec v\u1eady, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y s\u1ebd mang \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/span><\/p>\n

    5. C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng\u00a0<\/b><\/h2>\n

    \"C\u00e1c<\/p>\n

    5.1. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0110\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh (Qualitative Methods)<\/b><\/p>\n

    a. Ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n chuy\u00ean gia (Expert Opinion)<\/b><\/p>\n

    L\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p \u00fd ki\u1ebfn t\u1eeb c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia trong ng\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 nhu c\u1ea7u. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch khi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/b>: Nhanh ch\u00f3ng, d\u1ec5 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a chuy\u00ean gia.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/b>: Mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ee7 quan cao, d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n.<\/span><\/p>\n

    C\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/b>:<\/span><\/p>\n

    L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn chuy\u00ean gia: Ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e2u n\u0103m trong ng\u00e0nh.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: T\u1ea1o b\u1ed9 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch kinh t\u1ebf, v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u00fd ki\u1ebfn: T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n ho\u1eb7c h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o, ghi nh\u1eadn \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o.<\/span><\/p>\n

    V\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/b>: Khi d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n nhu c\u1ea7u cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi, \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia s\u1ebd gi\u00fap hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/span><\/p>\n

    b. Kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t \u00fd ki\u1ebfn kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng (Customer Survey)<\/b>:<\/p>\n

    L\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u1ea5y \u00fd ki\u1ebfn t\u1eeb kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhu c\u1ea7u.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/b>: Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 mong mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0 k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/b>: K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecdn m\u1eabu kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/span><\/p>\n

    C\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/b>:<\/span><\/p>\n

    Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t: X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1ea3ng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 th\u00f3i quen ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng, mong \u0111\u1ee3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Ch\u1ecdn m\u1eabu kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t: L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 r\u00fat ra k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/span><\/p>\n

    V\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/b>: Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ra m\u1eaft s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a th\u00edch.<\/span><\/p>\n

    5.2. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0110\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (Quantitative Methods)<\/b><\/p>\n

    a. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chu\u1ed7i th\u1eddi gian (Time Series Analysis)<\/b><\/p>\n

    L\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh xu h\u01b0\u1edbng, t\u00ednh m\u00f9a v\u1ee5, ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c m\u1eabu kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/b>: Ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/b>: Kh\u00f3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7.<\/span><\/p>\n

    C\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/b>:<\/span><\/p>\n

    Thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed: T\u1eadp h\u1ee3p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u doanh s\u1ed1 ho\u1eb7c nhu c\u1ea7u trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 theo t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n (h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng, h\u00e0ng qu\u00fd).<\/span><\/p>\n

    Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch xu h\u01b0\u1edbng (Trend Analysis): X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u0103ng\/gi\u1ea3m d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a nhu c\u1ea7u.<\/span><\/p>\n

    X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u00f9a v\u1ee5 (Seasonality Analysis): Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng theo m\u00f9a, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 nhu c\u1ea7u t\u0103ng cao v\u00e0o c\u00e1c d\u1ecbp l\u1ec5 t\u1ebft.<\/span><\/p>\n

    S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o: \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 ARIMA ho\u1eb7c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u1ecbn h\u00f3a Holt-Winters \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>\n

    V\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/b>: Chu\u1ed7i th\u1eddi gian d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o doanh s\u1ed1 b\u00e1n l\u1ebb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho th\u1ea5y nhu c\u1ea7u t\u0103ng v\u00e0o d\u1ecbp cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m trong m\u00f9a h\u00e8.<\/span><\/p>\n

    b. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ed3i quy (Regression Analysis)<\/b><\/p>\n

    L\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa nhu c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3, thu nh\u1eadp, xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng).<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/b>: T\u1ed1i \u01b0u cho vi\u1ec7c d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o nhu c\u1ea7u khi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/b>: C\u1ea7n c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady.<\/span><\/p>\n

    C\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/b>:<\/span><\/p>\n

    X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp: C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn nhu c\u1ea7u, nh\u01b0 gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3, chi ti\u00eau qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o, v\u00e0 thu nh\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: Thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady.<\/span><\/p>\n

    X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ed3i quy: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u00e2n t\u00edch (nh\u01b0 R ho\u1eb7c Python) \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh: \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n.<\/span><\/p>\n

    V\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/b>: N\u1ebfu doanh s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch marketing, h\u1ed3i quy c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n nhu c\u1ea7u khi thay \u0111\u1ed5i ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o.<\/span><\/p>\n

    c. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn (Big Data Analytics)<\/b><\/p>\n

    L\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n kh\u00e1c nhau (h\u00e0nh vi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm) \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o nhu c\u1ea7u.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/b>: Cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 theo th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/b>: Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n v\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/p>\n

    C\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/b>:<\/span><\/p>\n

    Thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed giao d\u1ecbch, xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn IoT.<\/span><\/p>\n

    X\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: D\u00f9ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 Hadoop ho\u1eb7c Spark\u2026 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u00e1y h\u1ecdc: D\u00f9ng thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y (Machine Learning) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra m\u1eabu ho\u1eb7c xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n trong d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3: \u0110o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o khi c\u00f3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi.<\/span><\/p>\n

    V\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/b>: M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o nhu c\u1ea7u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh vi mua s\u1eafm c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng trong th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c.<\/span><\/p>\n

    5.3. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p (Hybrid Methods)<\/b><\/p>\n

    L\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, d\u00f9ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch xu h\u01b0\u1edbng, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/b>: T\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u01b0u th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/b>: T\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn<\/span><\/p>\n

    C\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/b>:<\/span><\/p>\n

    Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng: B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o s\u01a1 b\u1ed9.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh b\u1eb1ng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn chuy\u00ean gia: C\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia s\u1ebd xem x\u00e9t d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

    T\u00edch h\u1ee3p k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3: T\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao h\u01a1n nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n

    V\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/b>: Trong ng\u00e0nh \u00f4 t\u00f4, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a chuy\u00ean gia v\u1ec1 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng xanh \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o nhu c\u1ea7u cho c\u00e1c m\u1eabu xe \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/span><\/p>\n

    C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, trong khi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n khi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. C\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u01b0u ti\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, trong khi c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 t\u00ednh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng cao n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. C\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u00ean \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kinh doanh \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3.<\/span><\/p>\n

    6. K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/b><\/h2>\n

    Nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Vi\u1ec7c d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c m\u00e0 c\u00f2n n\u00e2ng cao kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea1nh tranh tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, t\u1eeb ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o n\u00e2ng cao, doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin m\u00e0 b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft cung c\u1ea5p, hy v\u1ecdng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u1ebd c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan v\u00e0 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o nhu c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u1ea5t.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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    Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft tay v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c kinh doanh \u1edf b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0o th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean doanh nghi\u1ec7p lu\u00f4n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m\/ d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00f3. Nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh mong mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi […]<\/p>\n

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